Why are handholes and manholes made oval instead of round?

Handholes and manholes are often designed in an oval shape primarily to allow for easier removal and insertion of workers and equipment. The oval shape provides more space horizontally than a round hole of the same dimensional size, allowing individuals to enter and exit with more flexibility. This is particularly important in confined spaces, where turning or maneuvering may be challenging.

Moreover, the oval shape helps to align the opening in the direction of the intended movements, making it simpler for workers to navigate in and out with tools or larger equipment. This design choice enhances usability during maintenance and inspection tasks, reducing the potential for accidents or injuries and improving overall efficiency.

The other options may address important factors related to handholes and manholes, but the primary reason for the oval design centers on the practicality of access and movement.