How are the tube ends in a water tube boiler typically finished?

In water tube boilers, the tube ends are typically finished by rolling and flaring. This process is essential for creating a secure and leak-proof connection between the tubes and the headers or drums of the boiler. Rolling ensures that the tubes fit snugly into the headers, while flaring increases the surface area for a better seal. This method enhances the structural integrity of the boiler and helps withstand high pressures and temperatures during operation. It is crucial that the connections are reliable to maintain efficiency and safety in the boiler system. The combination of rolling and flaring is a widely accepted practice in the industry for these types of boilers.